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John (Jack) Simpson Kirkpatrick (6 July 1892 – 19 May 1915), who served under the name John Simpson, was a stretcher bearer with the 1st Australian Division during the Gallipoli Campaign in World War I. After landing at Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915, Simpson began to use donkeys to provide first aid and carry wounded soldiers to the beach, for evacuation. Simpson and the donkeys continued this work for three and a half weeks, often under fire, until he was killed, during the Third attack on Anzac Cove. "Simpson and his Donkey" are a part of the "Anzac legend". ==Early life== Simpson was born on 6 July 1892 in South Shields, Tyneside, England, to Scottish parents: Sarah Kirkpatrick (née Simpson) and Robert Kirkpatrick.〔(ANZACS.net: Simpson – Australia's favourite hero ) (''c.'' 2010). Retrieved on 19 June 2010.〕〔(Australian War Memorial: Simpson and his donkey ) (2010). Retrieved on 18 June 2010.〕〔(Australian War Memorial: Roll of Honour – John Simpson Kirkpatrick ) (2010). Retrieved on 18 June 2010.〕 He was one of eight children, and worked with donkeys as a youth, during summer holidays.〔 He attended Barnes Road Junior School and later Mortimer Road Senior School.〔Jim Mulholland (2015) ''John Simpson Kirkpatrick: The Untold Story of the Gallipoli Hero's Early Life''〕 At 16 he volunteered to train as a gunner in the Territorial Force, as British Army reserve units were collectively known at the time,〔Wilson, G. ''Dust Donkeys and Delusions: The Myth of Simpson and His Donkey Exposed''〕 and in early 1909 he joined the British merchant navy.〔Tribunal Report. Chapter 15 p160.〕 In May 1910, Simpson deserted at Newcastle, New South Wales, and then travelled widely in Australia, taking on various jobs, such as cane-cutting in Queensland and coalmining in the Illawarra district of New South Wales. In the three or so years leading up to the outbreak of World War I, he worked as a steward, stoker and greaser on Australian coastal ships. Simpson held, or developed, left wing political views while he worked in Australia and wrote, in a letter to his mother: "I often wonder when the working men of England will wake up and see things as other people see them. What they want in England is a good revolution and that will clear some of these Millionaires and lords and Dukes out of it and then with a Labour Government they will almost be able to make their own conditions."〔Humphrey McQueen, 2004, ''Social Sketches of Australia'', St Lucia, Qld; University of Queensland Press, p. 76.〕 According to former union leader Alf Rankin, there is anecdotal evidence that Simpson belonged to the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or "Wobblies"), a radical international labour union, although this has never been confirmed by historical documents or other sources.〔( 2007, "The 'real story' of unionist, anti war Gallipoli martyr Kirkpatrick aka Simpson and his Donkey" ) (24 April 2015).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Simpson Kirkpatrick」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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